The conflict between Lebanon and Israel began after the establishment of Israel in 1948 and has turned into wars and confrontations several times. Most prominently, Israel invaded southern Lebanon in 1982, in response to which a Shia militia called Hezbollah emerged and fought against Israel. The 2006 war was the main chapter of this conflict, in which fierce fighting took place between Hezbollah and Israel. This deepening dispute between the two countries led to the death of thousands of people and Lebanon’s infrastructure was badly affected. However, the conflict is still not completely over. The United Nations (UN) also made many efforts to end it under the UNIFIL mission.
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon is an important peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations with the aim of maintaining peace and stability in Lebanon. This force was established after the long-standing conflict between Lebanon and Israel, in which India’s role has been particularly important. Today we will learn in detail about the establishment of UNIFIL, its objectives and the important role played by India.
Establishment and objectives of UNIFIL
UNIFIL was established in 1978 through United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions 425 and 426. Its main objectives were to expel Israeli troops from southern Lebanon, maintain international peace and security, and help the Lebanese government reestablish its control over the region.
This mission was launched following the wars and conflicts between Israel and Lebanon, especially after the Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon in 1978. Another important objective of this mission was to reduce the influence of terrorist groups operating in Lebanon and to establish lasting peace in the region.
Main functions of UNIFIL
UNIFIL has a number of responsibilities that fall under its founding objectives. These include:
Attempts to stop the conflict – UNIFIL mediates between Israeli and Lebanese forces to maintain peace in southern Lebanon. One of its main tasks is to ensure a ceasefire and prevent clashes on the border.
Protection of the local population – UNIFIL works to protect local civilians. This mission is deployed in areas where there is a possibility of violence, so that people can be protected from violent activities.
Development and reconstruction – UNIFIL has not only maintained peace, but has also played a key role in the development and reconstruction of southern Lebanon, restoring local infrastructure, improving health services, and providing support for education.
Role of India
India has played a major role under UNIFIL. Indian Army troops have served in this mission, and India’s contribution has been significant to this mission.
1. Contribution of Indian Army
India has been a consistent contributor to UNIFIL through the deployment of its troops. Indian troops have been at the forefront of peacekeeping operations and have patrolled sensitive areas of southern Lebanon, helping to maintain stability there.
2. The courage of Indian peacekeepers
Indian peacekeepers have often demonstrated their unique ability and courage in difficult situations. Even in the conflicts between Israel and Hezbollah, Indian peacekeepers ensured the safety of local civilians and maintained stability in the conflict zone. After the 2006 Israel-Lebanon war, the responsibilities of Indian peacekeepers under UNIFIL increased even more, as they had to control the tense situation between Israel and Hezbollah.
3. Medical aid and civil services
Indian soldiers have contributed significantly not only to peacekeeping but also to civil services. Indian medical teams provided medical services to Lebanese civilians, which was particularly important during the conflict. Indian medical teams provided medical assistance to local communities, ranging from first aid to complex medical services.
4. Cooperation in peace and community development
India has also assisted in several development projects in southern Lebanon, including the construction of schools and health centres. Indian peacekeepers not only provided security but also ensured education opportunities for local children. Indian contingents also organised several cultural and community events to promote the message of peace.
5. Role of Indian diplomacy
India’s diplomatic initiatives have also been significant in the UNIFIL mission. India has played a key role on Lebanon’s issues at the UN and has extended its support towards establishing peace. Indian diplomats have worked relentlessly at international forums to promote stability and peace in Lebanon.
UNIFIL and the challenges faced by Indian soldiers
Although UNIFIL and Indian troops have worked hard to keep peace in Lebanon, they have also faced many challenges. Mediating between the constant conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, and various political polarizations has been a difficult task. Despite this, Indian soldiers have carried out their responsibilities with utmost dedication and commitment. On 16 July 2006, an Indian soldier was seriously injured by shrapnel from a tank shell fired by Israeli troops (IDF). Subsequently, on 29 July 2006, two Indian soldiers were injured when their post was damaged during Israeli air strikes in southern Lebanon. It is said that about a thousand Indian soldiers have been deployed under the UN mission in Lebanon.
The United Nations Interim Force Lebanon (UNIFIL) is an important peacekeeping mission that has played a major role in reducing regional conflicts and bringing stability to southern Lebanon. India’s contribution to this mission has been commendable. Indian soldiers not only provided security but also worked for the well-being of local citizens. This contribution of India has not only been helpful in fulfilling the objectives of UNIFIL, but it also underlines India’s role in global peacekeeping.